South Dakota, USA: Veenkoloniale Genealogieën

Notes:
South Dakota (en-us-South Dakota.ogg /ˌsaʊθ dəˈkoʊtə/ (help·info)) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. The former territory was admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889. Centrally-located Pierre, is the state capital and Sioux Falls is the state's largest city.

South Dakota is bisected by the Missouri River, dividing the state into two socioeconomically distinct halves, known to residents as "West River" and "East River". Fertile soil in the eastern part of the state is used to grow a variety of crops, while ranching is the predominant agricultural activity in the west. The Black Hills, a group of low pine-covered mountains, is located in the southwest part of the state. The area is of great religious importance to local American Indian tribes. Mount Rushmore is a major state tourist destination in the Black Hills.

Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle, South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy to attract and retain residents. However, it is still largely rural and has the fifth-lowest population density among U.S. states. While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level, the state government is largely dominated by the Republican Party, which has carried South Dakota in the last eleven presidential elections.

History

Main article: History of South Dakota

Humans have lived in what is today South Dakota for at least several thousand years. The first inhabitants were Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, and disappeared from the area around 5000 BC. Between 500 AD and 800 AD, a semi-nomadic people known as the Mound Builders lived in central and eastern South Dakota, and by 1500 the Arikara (or Ree) had settled in much of the Missouri River valley. Nearly 500 people were the victims of the Crow Creek massacre that occurred early in the 14th century. European contact with the area began in 1743, when the LaVerendrye brothers explored the region. The LaVerendrye group buried a plate near the site of modern day Pierre, claiming the region for France as part of greater Louisiana. By the early 19th century, the Sioux had largely replaced the Arikara as the dominant group in the area.

In 1803, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory, an area that included most of South Dakota, from Napoleon Bonaparte, and President Thomas Jefferson organized a group commonly referred to as the "Lewis and Clark Expedition" to explore the newly-acquired region. In 1817, an American fur trading post was set up at present-day Fort Pierre, beginning continuous American settlement of the area. In 1855, the U.S. Army bought Fort Pierre but abandoned it the following year in favor of Fort Randall to the south. Settlement by Americans and Europeans was by this time increasing rapidly, and in 1858 the Yankton Sioux signed the 1858 Treaty, ceding most of present-day eastern South Dakota to the United States.

Land speculators founded two of eastern South Dakota's largest present-day cities: Sioux Falls in 1856 and Yankton in 1859. In 1861, Dakota Territory was established by the United States government (this initially included North Dakota, South DaDakota, and parts of Montana and Wyoming). Settlement of the area, mostly by people from the eastern United States as well as western and northern Europe, increased rapidly, especially after the completion of an eastern railway link to Yankton iin 1873 and the discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874 during a military expedition led by George A. Custer. This expedition took place despite the fact that the western half of present day South Dakota had been granted to the Sioux in 1868 by the Treaty of Laramie as part of the Great Sioux Reservation. The Sioux declined to grant mining rights or land in the Black Hills, and war broke out after the U.S. failed to stop white miners and settlers from entering the region. The Sioux were eventually defeated and settled on reservations within South Dakota and North Dakota.

An increasing population caused Dakota Territory to be divided in half and a bill for statehood for both Dakotas titled the Enabling Act of 1889 was passed on February 22, 1889 during the Administration of Grover Cleveland. His successor, Benjamin Harrison, signed proclamations formally admitting both states on November 2, 1889. Harrison had the papers shuffled to obscure from him which he was signing first and the actual order went unrecorded.

On December 29, 1890, the Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Commonly cited as the last major armed conflict between the United States and the Sioux Nation, the massacre resulted in the deaths of an estimated 300 Sioux, many of them women and children. Twenty-five U.S. soldiers were also killed in the conflict. The Wounded Knee area was later the site of a prolonged siege between members of the American Indian Movement and the United States Marshals Service in 1973.

During the 1930s, several economic and climatic conditions combined with disastrous results for South Dakota. A lack of rainfall, extremely high temperatures and over-cultivation of farmland produced what was known as the Dust Bowl in South Dakota and several other plains states. Fertile topsoil was blown away in massive dust storms, and several harvests were completely ruined. The experiences of the Dust Bowl, coupled with local bank foreclosures and the general economic effects of the Great Depression resulted in many South Dakotans leaving the state. The population of South Dakota declined by more than 7% between 1930 and 1940.

Economic stability returned with the U.S. entry into World War II in 1941, when demand for the state's agricultural and industrial products grew as the nation mobilized for war. In 1944, the Pick-Sloan Plan was passed as part of the Flood Control Act of 1944 by the U.S. Congress, resulting in the construction of six large dams on the Missouri River, four of which are at least partially located in South Dakota. Flood control, hydroelectricity, and recreational opportunities such as boating and fishing are provided by the dams and their reservoirs.

In recent decades, South Dakota has transformed from a state dominated by agriculture to one with a more diversified economy. The tourism industry has grown considerably since the completion of the interstate system in the 1960s, with the Black Hills being especially impacted. The financial service industry began to grow in the state as well, with Citibank moving its credit card operations from New York to Sioux Falls in 1981, a move that has since been followed by several other financial companies, after South Dakota became the first state to eliminate caps on interest rates. In 2007, the site of the recently-closed Homestake gold mine near Lead was chosen as the location of a new underground research facility. Despite a growing state population and recent economic development, many rural areas have been struggling over the past 50 years with locally declining populations and the emigration of educated young adults to larger South Dakota cities, such as Rapid City or Sioux Falls, or to other states.

Birth

Matches 1 to 22 of 22

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Birth		Person ID	Tree
1	Appledorn, Harry John Lincoln	Wednesday 12 February 1919	South Dakota, USA	I754013	Veenkoloniale voorouders
2	Bentz, Edward	November 1899	South Dakota, USA	I449014	Veenkoloniale voorouders
3	Bentz, Johan	Wednesday 27 August 1884	South Dakota, USA	I449017	Veenkoloniale voorouders
4	Bentz, Wilhelm	January 1891	South Dakota, USA	I449013	Veenkoloniale voorouders
5	Bobeldijk, Henry	About 1870	South Dakota, USA	I304772	Veenkoloniale voorouders
6	Castle, Ida	December 1889	South Dakota, USA	I452522	Veenkoloniale voorouders
7	Castle, Irving Fred	Wednesday 07 January 1891	South Dakota, USA	I452502	Veenkoloniale voorouders
8	Frethheim, Emma L.	About 1891	South Dakota, USA	I452162	Veenkoloniale voorouders
9	Hewitt, Dorothy Gladys	Thursday 10 January 1907	South Dakota, USA	I449538	Veenkoloniale voorouders
10	Hewitt, Thelma Irene	Saturday 07 March 1908	South Dakota, USA	I449527	Veenkoloniale voorouders
11	Kielman, Florence Louise	Sunday 20 September 1925	South Dakota, USA	I380651	Veenkoloniale voorouders
12	Kielman, Peter	Monday 19 January 1920	South Dakota, USA	I380648	Veenkoloniale voorouders
13	Larsen, Arthur G.	About 1904	South Dakota, USA	I453065	Veenkoloniale voorouders
14	Larsen, Effie C.	About 1918	South Dakota, USA	I453074	Veenkoloniale voorouders
15	Larsen, Elva	About 1908	South Dakota, USA	I453068	Veenkoloniale voorouders
16	Larsen, Evan P.	About 1903	South Dakota, USA	I453064	Veenkoloniale voorouders
17	Larsen, Laura A.	About 1914	South Dakota, USA	I453071	Veenkoloniale voorouders
18	Larsen, Ludvig	About 1915	South Dakota, USA	I453072	Veenkoloniale voorouders
19	Larsen, Marius	About 1905	South Dakota, USA	I453067	Veenkoloniale voorouders
20	Larsen, Minnie E.	About 1912	South Dakota, USA	I453070	Veenkoloniale voorouders
21	Larsen, Olga	About 1910	South Dakota, USA	I453069	Veenkoloniale voorouders
22	Larsen, Oscar	About 1917	South Dakota, USA	I453073	Veenkoloniale voorouders

Death

Matches 1 to 4 of 4

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Death		Person ID	Tree
1	Menning, Margje Klaas	Thursday 06 March 1958	South Dakota, USA	I304763	Veenkoloniale voorouders
2	Penning, Fentje Loerts	1892	South Dakota, USA	I553783	Veenkoloniale voorouders
3	Speelman, Gertie Maria	Monday 05 December 1988	South Dakota, USA	I621406	Veenkoloniale voorouders
4	Speelman, Henrietta	Tuesday 05 December 1995	South Dakota, USA	I621404	Veenkoloniale voorouders

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South Dakota, USA