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Cumberland, England, United Kingdom

Notes:
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is a historic county of North West England that had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974. It was bordered by Northumberland to the northeast, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the southeast, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1914) and now forms part of Cumbria.

Early history

The first record of the term "Cumberland" appears in 945, when the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that the area was ceded to Malcolm I by King Edmund of England. As with Cymru, the native Welsh name for Wales, the names Cumberland and Cumbria are derived from *kombroges in Common Brittonic, which originally meant "compatriots".

At the time of the Domesday Book (1086) most of the future county was part of Scotland, although some villages around Millom, which were the possessions of the Earl of Northumbria, had been incorporated into Yorkshire.

In 1092, King William Rufus of England invaded the Carlisle district, settling it with colonists. He created an Earldom of Carlisle, and granted the territory to Ranulf Meschyn. In 1133, Carlisle was made the see of a new diocese, largely identical with the area of the earldom. However, on the death of King Henry I in 1135, the area was regained by Scotland's King David I. He was able to consolidate his power and made Carlisle one of his chief seats of government, while England descended into a lengthy civil war.

The area returned to the English crown in 1157, when Henry II of England took possession of the area (from Malcolm IV of Scotland). Henry II formed two new counties from the former earldom: Westmorland and Carliol – originally an abbreviation of the Latin Carlioliensis "(bishop) of Carlisle". Westmorland also included areas former part of the Earldom of Lancaster. The lead and silver-mining area of Alston, previously associated with the Liberty of Tynedale was later also added to the new county of Carliol for financial reasons. By 1177, Carliol had become known as Cumberland. The border between England and Scotland was made permanent by the Treaty of York in 1237.

Boundaries and subdivisions

The boundaries formed in the 12th century did not change substantially over the county's existence. It bordered four English counties and two Scottish counties. These were Northumberland and County Durham to the east; Westmorland to the south, the Furness part of Lancashire to the southwest; Dumfriesshire to the north and Roxburghshire to the northeast.

To the west the county was bounded by the Solway Firth and the Irish Sea. The northern boundary was formed by the Solway Estuary and the border with Scotland running east to Scotch Knowe at Kershope Burn. The boundary ran south from Scotch Knowe along the Cheviot Hills, then followed a tributary of the River Irthing and crossed Denton Fell to the River Tees. From Tees Head the boundary crossed the Pennines to descend Crowdundale Beck, from where it followed the rivers Eden and Eamont to the centre of Ullswater. The line then followed the Glencoin Beck to the top of the Helvellyn ridge, thence to Wrynose Pass and along the River Duddon to the sea near Millom.

The highest point of the county was Scafell Pike, at 3,208 feet (978 m) the highest mountain in England. Carlisle was the county town.

Division into wards

The Earldom of Carlisle was divided into baronies, but on the creation of the county these were replaced by wards. These took the place of hundreds found in most other English counties, and originated in military subdivisions organised for the defence of the county from incursions by Scottish troops. Each ward was composed of a number of parishes, areas originally formed for ecclesiastical administration. In common with other counties of northern England, many parishes in Cumberland were very large, often consisting of a number of distinct townships and hamlets. Many of these subdivisions were eventually to become civil parishes and form the lowest level of local government. The wards and their constituent parishes in 1821 were:

Ward Parishes Notes

Allerdale above Derwent

Arlecdon

Beckermet St John Included part of township of Calder & Beckermet or Calderbridge

Beckermet St Bridget Included townships of Ennerdale & Kinniside, Eskdale & Wasdale

Bootle

Brigham Included townships of Blindbothel, Buttermere, Cockermouth, Eaglesfield, Embleton, Greysouthen, Mosser, Setmurthey, Whinfell

Cleator

Corney

Crosthwaite (part) Included township of Borrowdale

Dean

Drigg and Carlton

Egremont

Gosforth Included township of Bolton

Haile

Harrington

Irton with Santon Included township of Santon & Murthwaite

Lamplugh Included townships of Kelton & Winder, Murton

Lorton Included townships of Brackenthwaite, Wythop

Loweswater

Millom Included hamlet of Birker with Austhwaite, township of Ulpha

Moresby Included township of Parton

Muncaster

Ponsonby Included part of township of Calder & Beckermet or Calderbridge

St Bees Include townships of Hensingham, Lowside Quarter, Netherwasdale, Preston Quarter, Rottington, Sandwith, Wheddicarr, Whitehaven

Waberthwaite

Whicham

Whitbeck

Workington Included townships of Great Clifton, Little Clifton, Stainburn, Winscales

Allerdale below Derwent Allhallows

Aspatria Including townships of Hayton & Mealo, Oughterside & Allerby

Bassenthwaite

Bolton Including townships of Bolton Gate, Bolton Wood & Quarry Hill, Bolton Lowside, Isel Old Park, Sunderland

Bridekirk Including townships of Dovenby, Great Broughton, Little Broughton

Bromfield (part) Including townships of Allonby, Langrigg & Mealrigg, Papcastle, Tallentire, Westnewton

Caldbeck (part)

Cammerton Including township of Seaton

Crosscanonby Including townships of Birkby & Canonby, Blennerhasset & Kirkland, Crosby, Maryport

Crosthwaite (part) Included townships of Castlerigg St John's & Wythburn, Keswick, Ribton, Underskiddaw

Dearham Including township of Ellenborough & Ewanrigg

Flimby

Gilcrux

Holme Cultram Including townships of Abbey Quarter (or Holme Abbey), Holme East Waver Quarter, Holme St Cuthbert's Quarter, Holme Low Quarter

Ireby Including townships of High Ireby, Low Ireby

Isel Including township of Blindcrake and Redmain

Plumbland

Torpenhow Including townships of Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth, Bothel & Thrupland

Uldale

West Ward

Cumberland Aikton

Beaumont

Bowness Included townships of Anthorn, Drumburg, Fingland

Bromfield (part) Included townships of Blencogo, Dundraw

Burgh by Sands

Carlisle, St Mary's (part)* Townships of Caldewgate Quarter, Cummersdale Quarter, Wreay

Carlisle St Mary Within* Included township of Rickergate Quarter

Carlisle St Cuthbert's Within*

Carlisle St Cuthbert's Without*

Dalston

Eaglesfield Abbey*

Grinsdale

Kirkandrews upon Eden

Kirkbampton

Kirkbride

Orton Included township of Baldwinholme

Rockcliffe

Sebergham Low and High Quarters

Thursby

Warwick

Wetheral

Wigton Included townships of Oulton Water, Waverton High & Low, Woodside Quarter

Eskdale

Arthuret Included townships of Braconhill, Lineside, Longtown, Netherby

Bewcastle

Brampton

Castlecarrock

Crosby High & Low

Cumrew Outside and Inside

Cumwhitton Included township of Northsceugh

East Farlam

Hayton Included townships of Little Crosby, Fenton & Faugh, Talkin

Irthington Included townships of Kingwater, Laversdale, Newby, Newtown

Kingmoor (hamlet) Extra-parochial liberty belonging to the Corporation of Carlisle

Kirkandrews upon Esk Included townships of Kirkandrews Moat, Kirkandrews Nether Quarter, Kirkandrews Upper Quarter, Nichol Forest

Kirklinton Included townships of Hethersgill, Westlinton (or Levington)

Lanercost Included townships of Askerton, Burtholme & Banks, Lineside

Nether Denton

Scaleby East and West

Stanwix

Stapleton Included townships of Belbank, Solport Quarter, Trough

Upper Denton

Walton High and Low

West Farlam

Leath

Addingham Included townships of Gamblesby, Glassonby, Hunsonby & Winskill

Ainstable and Rushcroft

Alston with Garrigill Included the Chapelry of Garrigill

Caldbeck (part) Township of Mosedale

Carlisle, St Mary's (part) Township of Middlesceugh & Braithwaite

Castle Sowerby

Croglin

Dacre

Edenhall Included township of Langwathby

Great Salkeld

Greystoke Included townships of Berrier & Murrah, Bowscale, Hutton John, Hutton Roof, Hutton Soil, Matterdale, Mungrisdale, Threlkeld, Watermillock

Hesket in the Forest

Hutton in the Forest

Kirkland Included townships of Culgaith, Kirkland & Blencarn

Kirkoswald Included township of Staffield

Lazonby Included township of Plumpton Wall

Melmerby

Newton Reigny Included township of Catterlen

Ousby

Penrith

Renwick

Skirwith

Christening

Matches 1 to 1 of 1

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Christening		Person ID	Tree
1	Multon, Joan (d 16.06.1363, dau of Thomas, Lord Multon of Egrem	1304	Cumberland, England, United Kingdom	I867788	Veenkoloniale voorouders