Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Veenkoloniale Genealogieën

Notes:
Baltimore is an independent city located in the state of Maryland in the United States of America. As of 2005, the population of Baltimore City was 641,943 and the Baltimore-Towson metropolitan area (MSA) had approximately 2.6 million residents. Baltimore is also part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area (CMSA) of approximately 8.1 million residents. Baltimore is the largest city in Maryland; its metropolitan area is the 19th largest in the country.

The city is named after the founding proprietor of the Maryland Colony, Lord Baltimore in the Irish House of Lords. Baltimore himself took his title from Baltimore in County Longford in Ireland, which is the English transliteration of the Irish language Baile an Tí Mór, or "Townland of the big house". Baltimore became the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States during the 1800s. The city is a major U.S. seaport, situated closer to major Midwestern markets thahan any other major seaport on the East Coast. Once an industrial town with an economic base in manufacturing, Baltimore's economy is now primarily service-oriented, with its largest employer no longer Bethlehem Steel but Johns Hopkins University and The Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Because there is also a Baltimore County surrounding (but not including) the city, it is sometimes referred to as Baltimore City when a clear distinction is desired.

History

During the 17th century, various towns called "Baltimore" were founded as commercial ports at various locations on the upper Chesapeake Bay. The Maryland colonial General Assembly created the port (at Locust Point) in 1706 as a tobacco port of entry. The present city dates from July 30, 1729, and is named after Lord Baltimore, who was the first Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland. Baltimore grew swiftly in the mid- to late 18th century as a granary for sugar-producing colonies in the Caribbean. The profit from sugar encouraged the cultivation of cane and the importation of food. Baltimore's shorter distance from the Caribbean, compared to other large port cities such as New York City and Boston, reduced transportation time and minimized the spoilage of flour.

During the War of 1812, the British declared Baltimore a "nest of Pirates." The city's Fort McHenry came under attack by British forces near the harbor after the British had burned Washington, D.C. Known today as the Battle of Baltimore, American forces won by repulsing joint land and naval attacks.

When the British landed at Sparrows Point, the local residents took up arms and when they had run out of ammunition, they threw pots, pans and anything they could get hold of at the British. They fought to a stalemate at the Battle of North Point after killing the British commander General Ross, who had said upon landing, "We will win or I will die here and go to hell". British reinforcements were not possible thereafter, and their forces subsequently withdrew. The naval engagement inspired Francis Scott Key to write the poem "The Star-Spangled Banner," the lyrics to the United States' national anthem. The battle was memorialized in the Battle Monument, which is on the city seal.

In the years that followed, Baltimore's population grew explosively, due to increased commerce not only abroad but more importantly with points west in the interior of the United States. The construction of the federally funded National Road, nonow Pulaski Highway, also known as U.S. Route 40 and the privately funded Baltimore & Ohio Railroad made Baltimore a major shipping and manufacturing center. As fortunes were made, the city's distinctive local culture started taking shape, and it started to develop a unique skyline peppered with churches and monuments. On an 1827 visit to the city, John Quincy Adams purportedly nicknamed it "Monument City"--a moniker that remained popular for well over a century.

Baltimore became an independent city in 1851, being separated from Baltimore County at that time.

Though it was a slave-holding state, Maryland did not secede but remained part of the Union during the Civil War. Slavery was outlawed in Maryland by the state Constitution of 1864. Pro-Southern sentiment led to the Baltimore riot of 1861, when Union soldiers marched through the city. After the riot, Union troops occupied Baltimore, and Maryland came under direct federal administration — in part, to prevent the state from seceding — until the end of the war in April 1865. This was considered a necessary move by the Union to prevent Washington, D.C., from being completely surrounded by seceded Confederate territory. The case Ex parte Merryman, written by Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger Taney (himself a Marylander), dealt with the habeas corpus rights of Marylanders jailed by the Abraham Lincoln Administration and strongly rebuked Lincoln for his actions.

The Great Baltimore Fire on February 7, 1904, destroyed over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours and forced most of the city to rebuild. Immediately afterward, Mayor Robert McLane was quoted in the Baltimore News as saying, "To suppose that the spirit of our people will not rise to the occasion is to suppose that our people are not genuine Americans. We shall make the fire of 1904 a landmark not of decline but of progress." He then refused assistance, stating "As head of this municipality, I cannot help but feel gratified by the sympathy and the offers of practical assistance which have been tendered to us. To them I have in general terms replied, 'Baltimore will take care of its own, thank you.'" (McLane committed suicide on May 30.) Two years later, on September 10, 1906, the Baltimore-American reported that the city had risen from the ashes and "one of the great disasters of modern time had been converted into a blessing."

Baltimore's population peaked at 949,708 in the 1950 Census, which ranked it as the sixth-largest city in the country, behind Detroit, and ahead of Cleveland. For the next five decades, the city's population declined while its suburbs grew dramatically, bottoming out in 2000 at 636,251. In the 21st century, the city's population has stabilized and is again rising, mostly due to revitalization efforts in many city neighborhoods. It currently stands at 641,943.

In recent years, efforts to redevelop the downtown area have led to a revitalization of the Inner Harbor. Up until the late 1970s, the harbor had been merely abandoned warehouses full of rats and rotting piers. In Baltimore's early days, the harbor was the landing destination for boats and ships bringing cargo such as bananas, sugar, cocoa, and the like from all over the world. The Baltimore Convention Center was opened in 1979 and was renovated and expanded in 1996. Harborplace, a moddern urban retail and restaurant complex, was opened on the waterfront in 1980, followed by the National Aquarium in Baltimore, Maryland's largest tourist destination, and another cultural venue, the Baltimore Museum of Industry in 1981. In 19922, the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball moved from Memorial Stadium to Oriole Park at Camden Yards downtown, and six years later the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League moved next door into PSINet Stadium (later renamed M&T Bank Stadium following PSINet's bankruptcy).

On October 2, 1996, Baltimore became the first city in the United States to adopt 311 as a non-emergency "hot line" telephone number, in order to reserve the use of 911 for genuine emergencies. The concept has been highly successful, and numerous other American municipalities have since implemented the practice.

In 2003, the Baltimore Development Corporation announced that three hotel projects were being reviewed. As of September 2006, the 756-room, $305 million Hilton hotel project is currently under construction west of the Baltimore Convention Center. The City of Baltimore hopes to have it finished and opened by August 2008. (See Baltimore Convention Center Hotel Project for more details regarding the convention center hotel.)

Also in 2003, Baltimore was affected by Hurricane Isabel from flooding as a result of tidal surge, affecting primarily the Fells Point community and the Inner Harbor and surrounding low areas. Many places were flooded, including the sports center ESPN Zone, the Baltimore World Trade Center (which remained closed for approximately a month during cleanup efforts), and most of the Inner Harbor. Water levels rose some 20 feet in areas, flooding underground parking garages and displacing thousands of cubic yards of trash and debris.

Beginning in the early part of the 21st century, Baltimore has undergone a major building spree in the downtown area, specifically in the Inner Harbor East district. The skyline has extended and will continue to do so well into the next decade. ARC Wheeler, a Philadelphia-based developer has been approved to build a new hotel/condominium complex that will be the city's new tallest building, dubbed "10 Inner Harbor," approved at 60 stories and over 700ft tall. Other proposals for downtown skyscrapers are twin 65-story towers at sites on E. Saratoga Street and Guilford Avenue, an 800ft.+ tower and complex located on the banks of the Patapsco River's middle branch area, and a 40-story condo and hotel tower at 300 E. Pratt Street.

On January 17, 2007, Sheila Dixon became the first woman to hold the office of Mayor of Baltimore. The city's charter states that if the Mayor resigns, as Martin O'Malley did that day to become Governor of Maryland, the President of the City Couuncil shall assume the remainder of the term. Thus, Dixon will be mayor at least through December 2007. The primary election scheduled for September 11, 2007, will most likely determine who will be the next elected Mayor of Baltimore, and Dixon's name is expected to be on the ballot.

Birth

Matches 1 to 12 of 12

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Birth		Person ID	Tree
1	Cohen, Ellen Naomi	Friday 19 September 1941	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I679850	Veenkoloniale voorouders
2	Griffith, Peter Atwill	Monday 23 October 1933	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I680800	Veenkoloniale voorouders
3	Harris, Zairah Cazilda	1831	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I514268	Veenkoloniale voorouders
4	Jackson, Andrew Columbus	Monday 26 June 1854	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I449208	Veenkoloniale voorouders
5	Jackson, Florence E.	Friday 03 November 1882	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I449211	Veenkoloniale voorouders
6	Lotsij, Karel Johannes Julianus	Friday 03 March 1893	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I520772	Veenkoloniale voorouders
7	Marburg, Christine	Friday 01 May 1891	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I189149	Veenkoloniale voorouders
8	Mignot, Remy Granville	Friday 27 December 1861	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I514269	Veenkoloniale voorouders
9	Murphy, Daniel	About 1775	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I452311	Veenkoloniale voorouders
10	Sachs, Bernard	Saturday 02 January 1858	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I739025	Veenkoloniale voorouders
11	Sachs, Julius	Friday 06 July 1849	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I739030	Veenkoloniale voorouders
12	Zappa, Frank VIncent	Saturday 21 December 1940	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I680482	Veenkoloniale voorouders

Death

Matches 1 to 2 of 2

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Death		Person ID	Tree
1	Sutro, Emil	Saturday 27 October 1906	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I340057	Veenkoloniale voorouders
2	Wellcome, Jacob Hill Jr	Friday 05 November 1897	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	I447797	Veenkoloniale voorouders

Marriage

Matches 1 to 4 of 4

	Family	Marriage		Family ID	Tree
1	Fonda / Sullavan	Friday 25 December 1931	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	F102193	Veenkoloniale voorouders
2	Mignot / Harris	Wednesday 11 January 1860	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	F199959	Veenkoloniale voorouders
3	Spencer / Warfield	Wednesday 08 November 1916	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	F255524	Veenkoloniale voorouders
4	Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer / Marburg	Tuesday 16 November 1915	Baltimore, Maryland, USA	F75642	Veenkoloniale voorouders

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Baltimore, Maryland, USA