Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA: Veenkoloniale Genealogieën

Notes:
Missoula (Listeni /mɨˈzuːlə/) is a city located in western Montana and is the county seat of Missoula County. The 2010 Census put Missoula's population at 66,788 making it the second largest city in Montana. The 2010 census put the population of Missoula County at 109,299. Missoula is rapidly growing; it had the third largest actual growth of any city in Montana with an increase in population of 9,735 since 2000. Missoula is the principal city of the Missoula Metropolitan Area. Downtown Missoula is considered the center of the city.

Missoula was founded in 1860 as Hellgate Trading Post before being renamed Missoula Mills ("Missoula" from the Salish name for the area, "Nemissoolatakoo", and "Mills" after the prosperous flour mill and sawmill that served as Missoula's first industry). "Mills" was dropped from the name and in 1877, the establishment of Fort Missoula ensured the survival of the city.

Missoula is nicknamed the "Garden City", in reference to the large number of orchard homes that once lined its periphery and an extensive vegetable and flower garden owned by Cyrus and William McWhirk that formed the eastern entrance to the city. Though founded as a lumber and agricultural center as well as a trading post, the basis of Missoula's modern economy is the University of Montana, government, healthcare, tourism, and professional services.

In addition to the University of Montana, Missoula is perhaps best known for being the birthplace of first woman elected to the U.S. Congress, Jeannette Rankin, and the home of Montana's largest brewery. Missoula is also the headquarters of Montana Rail Link.

History

Earliest Missoula

oday's Missoula lies at the bottom of what once was Glacial Lake Missoula, a 3,000-square-mile (7,800 km2) proglacial lake which stretched from 60 miles (97 km) south and east of Missoula north to today's Flathead Lake and west to Idaho's Lake PPend Oreille. Held in place by a glacial dam, this lake drained and refilled repeatedly over 2,000 years during the past Ice Age. When the flood waters cleared, the resultant Missoula Valley became a geographic hub of five mountain valleys formed by the Bitterroot Mountains, Sapphire Range, Garnet Range, Rattlesnake Mountains, and Reservation Divide.

The oldest artifacts date from the end of the glacial lake period around 12,000 years ago with the first-known settlements dating from 3,500 BCE. From the 1700s until European settlement, the region was used by Salish, Kootenai, Pend d'Oreille, Blackfoot, and Shoshone tribes.

As a natural corridor through the mountains, the valley was the scene of great conflict between local Native American tribes and those traversing the region to and from Montana's eastern plains, which were rich with buffalo. The narrow valley at Missoula's eastern entrance was so strewn with human bones from repeated ambushes that French fur trappers would later refer to this area as "Porte d' Enfer," translated as "Hell's Gate". Hell Gate would remain the name of the area until it was renamed "Missoula" in 1866.

Early explorers

The first European Americans to visit what would become Missoula were members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The expedition stopped twice just south of Missoula at Traveler's Rest; first from September 9–11, 1805, and again from June 30-July 3, 1806. From here, the Lewis and Clark Expedition split up on the return from the Pacific, with Clark taking the southern route along the Bitterroot River and Lewis travelling north through Hellgate Canyon on July 4.

The region was first surveyed by Washington Territory governor Isaac Stevens in the 1850s by Congressional request as a means of developing a transcontinental rail route. Stevens would also negotiate the Treaty of Hellgate through which the Natiive American tribes of western Montana relinquished their territories to the U.S. government. Stevens was assisted by Lieutenant John Mullan who would build the Mullan Road in 1853. The wagon road was the first to cross the Rocky Mountains to the inland of the Pacific Northwest, and would enable the establishment of Fort Missoula in 1877.

Hell Gate Village

Main article: Hell Gate, Montana

Settlement in Missoula began five miles (8 km) to the west near modern Frenchtown in 1860 as a trading post founded by Christopher P. Higgins, who had been present at the Treaty of Hellgate, and business partner Francis L. Worden, with the expectation that the Mullan Road and any future railroad would necessarily pass through the valley. Their gamble was correct and Hell Gate became the Missoula County seat in 1860; the first post office was established on November 25, 1862, with Worden as the first postmaster. The settlement moved upstream to its modern location in 1864 as Higgins and Worden's desire to build a lumber and flour mill required a more convenient water supply to power the gristmill.

The Missoula Mills replaced Hell Gate Village as the economic power of the valley and replaced it as the county seat in 1866. The name "Missoula" comes from the Salish name for the Clark Fork River, which runs through the city. The name ‘’nmesuletkʷ’’, though often mistakenly believed to translate as "River of Ambush" as a reflection of the inter-tribal fighting common to the area, actually has the approximate meaning of "place of freezing/cold liquid", or more roughly "cold water" (cf. Interior Salishan locative marker n-, Southern Interior Salishan sul, 'cold/frozen', and -etkʷ, 'liquid'). This name is thought by some Salish tribal members to refer to Glacial Lake Missoula.

Missoula as a city

Missoula never "boomed" as many western Montana towns did as a consequence of the gold rush, though the town did grow rapidly, and by 1872 the town had 66 new buildings. Higgins and Worden established the town's first stores and banks, but by 1876 the pair faced its largest competition and rivalry from Eddy, Hammond and company, who established the Missoula Mercantile Company.

By the 1880s growth had slowed, but the arrival of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1883 caused growth to accelerate again and Territorial Governor Benjamin F. Potts approved a charter for the Town of Missoula. The need for lumber for the railway and its bridges spurred the opening of multiple saw mills in the area and, in turn, the beginning of Missoula's lumber industry. The economic frenzy led to the construction of many of the historic buildings in downtown today. In particular, architect A. J. Gibson arrived in the late 1880s and designed many of Missoula's most recognizable buildings, including the Missoula County Courthouse and the University of Montana's Main Hall.

Establishment of the University of Montana

Main article: University of Montana

In an agreement with Helena that Missoula would not enter a bid to become the new state of Montana's capital and not openly support nearer by Anaconda, Missoula was able to win the vote to be the home of the state's university in 1893. Land south of the Clark Fork River (Downtown had established itself north of the river) was donated for the construction of the campus.

20th century to present

The continued economic windfall from railroad construction and lumber mills led to a further boom in Missoula's population. A.B. Hammond and Copper Kings Marcus Daly and William A. Clark competed fiercely in the region over lumber share and Missoula investments, and in 1908 Missoula became the district, and later a regional, headquarters for the United States Forest Service, which also began training smokejumpers in 1942.

In the 1930s, Missoula was able to obtain fourteen Civil Works Administration projects that helped build the airport, Orange Street Bridge, several schools, and four major buildings at the university.

Logging remained a mainstay of industry in Missoula with the groundbreaking of the Hoerner-Waldorf pulp mill in 1956, which led to subsequent protests over the resultant air pollution. In 1979, almost 40% of the county's labor income came from the wood and paper products sector. By the early 1990s, however, many of the region's log yards, along with legislation, had cleaned the skies, though the valley's topography still makes the city susceptible to lingering smoke from forest fires and winter smog.

Modern era

The start of the modern era began when all the logging yards in Missoula, which had once completely driven the city's economy, vanished. Once logging vanished, the Missoula Downtown Association was born and downtown Missoula became what it is today. With the completion of the First Interstate Bank, the First Security Bank, the new St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, and the Millenium Building, the second tallest building in Missoula, downtown finally started to look modern. Recently, the brand new Garlington Building completed its construction; further increasing the number of modern buildings in Missoula.

Death

Matches 1 to 8 of 8

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Death		Person ID	Tree
1	Bentz, Alvina Christina	Thursday 10 December 1992	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	I450343	Veenkoloniale voorouders
2	Julian, Benjamin Franklin Jr	Tuesday 03 August 1965	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	I449270	Veenkoloniale voorouders
3	Julian, Margaret Elizabeth	Wednesday 02 October 1985	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	I451135	Veenkoloniale voorouders
4	Swartz, Hendrik Gerrit	Friday 30 October 1964	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	I447416	Veenkoloniale voorouders
5	Tobol, Frances	Wednesday 12 November 1958	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	I450952	Veenkoloniale voorouders
6	Tobol, Stanley George	Wednesday 01 December 2004	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	I447508	Veenkoloniale voorouders
7	Tooley, Mercy Eliza	Date unknown	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	I543059	Veenkoloniale voorouders
8	Zwart, Edwin Benjamin	Wednesday 07 September 1955	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	I448109	Veenkoloniale voorouders

Marriage

Matches 1 to 5 of 5

	Family	Marriage		Family ID	Tree
1	Castle / Hewitt	1957	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	F174914	Veenkoloniale voorouders
2	Daniels / Verlanic	Wednesday 18 September 1929	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	F176432	Veenkoloniale voorouders
3	Goldwater / Rippingale	Friday 21 December 1900	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	F175713	Veenkoloniale voorouders
4	Rippingale / McCumber	Wednesday 08 June 1904	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	F174650	Veenkoloniale voorouders
5	Rippingale / Rogers	Wednesday 07 June 1905	Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA	F175714	Veenkoloniale voorouders

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Missoula, Missoula County, Montana, USA